Anatomy – Tissues Quiz - QuizletHub (2023)

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Tissues

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Groups of cells with similar structure and function

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Epithelium, Connective tissue, Nervous tissue, Muscle

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Name the four primary types of body tissues.

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Body coverings, body linings, glandular tissue

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Where are epithelial tissues found?

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Protections, absorption, filtration, secretion

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Functions of epithelial tissues.

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Epithelium

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Cells fit closely together / Tissue layer always has one free surface / Lower surface is bound by a basement membrane / Avascular (no blood supply) / Regenerate easily

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Simple, one layer. Stratified, more than one layer.

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What are the classifications of epithelium?

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Squamous, flattened. Cuboidal, cube. Columnar, column-like.

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Shapes of epithelium.

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Simple Squamous

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Single layer of flat cells / Usually forms membranes - Lines body cavities / Lines lungs and capillaries.

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Simple Cuboidal

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Single layer of cube-like cells / Common in glands and their ducts . Forms walls of kidney tubules / Covers the ovaries

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Simple Columnar

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Single layer of tall cells / Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus / Lines digestive tract

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Pseudostratified

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Single later, but some cells are shorter than others / Often looks like a double cell layer / Sometimes ciliated, such as in respiratory tract / May function in absorption or secretion

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Stratified Squamous

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Cells at the free edge are flattened / Found as a protective covering where FRICTION is common / Found in skin, mouth, and esophagus.

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Stratified Cuboidal

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Two layers of cuboidal cells

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Stratified Columnar

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Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape.

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Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar

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Rare in human body / Found mainly in ducts of large glands.

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Transitional Epithelium

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Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching / Lines organs of the urinary system.

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Connective Tissue

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Found everywhere in the body / Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues / Functions: Binds body tissues together, supports the body, provides protection

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Variations in blood supply and extracellular matrix

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Name two dominant characteristics of Connective tissues.

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Extracellular matrix

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Non-living material that surrounds living cells

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Ground substance and fibers

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What are the two main elements in extracellular matrix?

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Bone (Osseous)

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____ cells in lacunae (cavities) / Composed of: hard matrix of calcium salts, large numbers of collagen fibers / Used to protect and support the body

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Hyaline Cartilage

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Most common cartilage / Composed of: abundant collagen fibers, rubbery matrix / Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

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Elastic Cartilage

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Provides elasticity / EX: supports the external ear

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Fibrocartilage

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Highly compressible / EX: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

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Dense Connective Tissue

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Main matrix element is collagen fibers / Cells are fibroblasts / EX: tengon - muscle --> bone; ligaments - bone --> bone

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Areolar Connective Tissue

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Most widely distributed connective tissue / Soft, pliable tissue / Contains all fiber types / Can soak up excess fluid

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Adipose Tissue

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Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate / Many cells contain large lipid deposits / Functions: insulates the body, protects some organs, serves as a site of fuel storage

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Reticular Connective Tissue

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Delicate NETwork of interwoven fibers / Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs - lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

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Blood

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Cells surrounded by fluid matrix / Fibers are visible during clotting / Functions as the transport vehicle for materials / Fight infections / ONLY fluid connective tissue

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Muscle

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Function is to produce movement / Three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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Skeletal Muscle

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Can be controlled voluntarily / Cells attach to connective tissue / Cells are striated (striped) / Cells have more than one nucleus / Locomotion and body heat

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Cardiac Muscle

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Found only in the heart / Function is to pump blood (involuntary) / Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks (gap junctions) / Cells are striated (striped) / One nucleus per cell

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Smooth Muscle

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Involuntary muscle / Surround hollow organs / Attached to other smooth muscle cells / No visible striations / One nucleus per cell

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Nervous Tissue

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Neurons and nerve support cells / Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

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Irritability

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Electrochemical messages from one tissue to another

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Conductivity

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Respond to natural changes in the environment (detect and send messages)

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Regeneration and fibrosis

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Name two types of tissue repair.

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Regeneration

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Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells (skin)

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Fibrosis

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Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

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Mass, viability

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With old age there is a decrease in ____ and ____ in most tissues.

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Epithelial, fibrous connective tissue and bone

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What tissues regenerate easily?

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Skeletal muscle

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What tissue regenerates poorly?

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Cardiac, nervous

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What tissues are replaced largely with scar tissue?

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Formation of granulation tissue

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In tissue repair, when is the beginning of actual repair?

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Scars

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Regeneration of surface epithelium.